Alopecia refers to hair loss that can occur in various forms, affecting individuals of all ages and genders. The most common type, alopecia areata, is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to patchy hair loss. Other types include androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern baldness) and alopecia totalis, which results in complete loss of hair on the scalp. While the exact causes of alopecia are not fully understood, genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Treatments vary and can include topical therapies, medications, and lifestyle changes, but outcomes can differ significantly among individuals.